After besting the world in college attainment for much of the 20th century, the United States now ranks sixteenth in the share of adults ages 25 to 34 holding college degrees.1 In 2009, President Obama announced a goal to regain the world lead by increasing American degree attainment to 60 percent by 2020. This will require progress on several, seemingly incompatible priorities: increasing access to college, helping more students graduate, and improving the quality of the student learning experience, all in a context of scarce public resources.